14 Week Flagship Program for Madarao Kogen

Hit 5 putts to the first field 20-25 feet (6-8 m).

Hit 5 putts to the next field at 25-30 ft (8-10 m).

Keep hitting 5 putts to each field until the last field.

Count all putts that stopped inside each field. Enter the total score in the app, out of 25 attempts.

Pick a side of the hole and hit 5 putts from the shortest tee at 20 ft (6 m).

Move to the other two tees in line and hit 5 putts from each.

Repeat for the other sides of the hole.

Enter number of putts that stopped inside the circle, out of 45 attempts.

Hit 10 putts from 20 ft and try to stop the ball on the fringe.

Hit 10 putts from 30 ft.

Hit 10 putts from 40 ft.

Enter total number of putts that stopped on the fringe, out of 30 attempts.

Hit 10 putts from 25 ft (8 m). The circle radius is 2.5 ft (0.8 m), about one putter length.

Move to 35 ft (12 m). Circle radius is 3.5 ft (1.2 m). Hit 10 putts.

Move to 45 ft (15 m). Circle radius is 4.5 ft (1.5 m). Hit 10 putts.

Count how many putts stopped inside the circle and enter the total out of 30 attempts in the app.

Set up two lines of 18 balls each so they cross each other. Place balls 1 foot apart.

On the green, mark 3 landing zones spaced 6 feet apart in a row using sticks or string.

Hit 36 chip shots total: 18 from each ball line.

From the first line, hit 6 shots to each landing zone (18 shots).

From the second line, hit 6 shots to each landing zone (18 shots).

Count each ball that lands and stays inside the right landing zone.

Add up all successful shots, enter score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Set up 4 rows of balls. Each row has 9 balls, 1 foot apart.

Space the rows 5 yards apart on grass, between 5 and 30 yards from the hole.

Put 3 targets by the hole: A at 12 o'clock, B at 4 o'clock, C at 8 o'clock, each 3 feet from the hole.

Split the 36 shots into 3 groups of

First 12 shots go to Target A, next 12 to Target B, last 12 to Target C.

From each row, chip the ball to try to stop it close to the chosen target. Ball setup does not change.

After 12 shots at one target, switch to the next target. Repeat until all 36 shots are finished.

Each ball that stops within 2 feet of the target is a success.

Count how many successes you had and enter your score in the app out of 36 attempts.

Make 10 piles with 4 balls in each pile, for a total of 40 balls. Put these piles in two lines that cross each other, with 5 piles in each line.

Place the piles on grass, 5-30 yards from the hole. The lines should be 5-10 yards apart, and each pile should be 2 yards apart.

Around the hole, make two circle target zones using string or tees: a small Bullseye (6 feet from hole) and a bigger Bullseye (15 feet from hole).

Hit 36 chip shots, in 3 sets of 12 shots.

For each set, chip towards the Bullseye zones, switching piles each time.

Balls stopping in the small Bullseye count as higher score. Balls in the big Bullseye also count, but less. Both are counted as a successful chip.

When finished, count all balls in the small or big Bullseye out of 36 tries, and enter the total in the app.

Arrange 36 balls in 2 lines of 18 each to form an L shape.

Keep each ball 1 foot apart in each line. Keep 5-10 yards between the two lines.

Place two circles around the hole on the green: one with a 6-foot radius, and one with a 15-foot radius.

From 5–30 yards away, chip 18 balls from the first line, aiming for the circles.

Chip the other 18 balls from the second line, aiming for the circles.

Alternate hitting 3 to 5 shots between the two lines.

Shots inside the small circle = full success. Shots inside the big circle only = partial success.

Count how many balls stopped in each circle and get your score. Enter your total successful shots out of 36 attempts.

Make two piles of balls for each player between 5 and 30 yards from the hole, anywhere in the chipping area, on any surface.

On the green, make two bullseye zones around the hole: inner circle with 6-foot radius and outer ring from 6 to 15 feet.

Each player hits 36 chips: 18 from each pile.

Try to stop the ball in the inner bullseye (best), then outer bullseye (good), or avoid missing both (bad).

Switch piles after 18 shots, finish all 36 shots.

Count how many balls stop in the bullseye zones.

After 36 shots, record the number of balls in the bullseyes as your score. Enter this total in the app out of 36 attempts.

Scatter 40 balls into 8 lines of 5 balls each, spaced 1 yard or meter apart, placed anywhere from 5 to 30 yards from the hole.

On the green, make two circles around the hole: one with a 6-foot (2-meter) radius, and one with a 15-foot (5-meter) radius, using string or tees.

Chip 36 balls during the test, divided into 3 sets of 12 balls.

Chip the first 12 balls, trying to make them land inside the small circle.

Chip the next 12 balls, trying to make them land inside the big circle but outside the small circle.

Chip the last 12 balls, trying to make them land anywhere inside the big circle.

Start from any line and move around as needed, but use only 36 balls.

Count each ball that stops where it is supposed to for each set.

Enter your score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Make two groups of 18 balls; one for balls above feet, one for balls below feet.

Put 3 targets in a straight line on the green, about 6 feet apart.

Hit 36 chip shots total: 18 with balls above feet, 18 with balls below feet.

Split each set of 18 shots into three groups of

Each group of 6 goes to a different target.

With balls above feet, hit 6 shots to each target, keeping ball position the same.

With balls below feet, do the same: 6 shots to each target.

Count any shot that stops within 3 feet of the target as a success.

Count how many successful shots you had. Enter your score out of 36.

Pick 3 targets on the driving range: Target 1 (short), Target 2 (medium), Target 3 (long).

Get 36 balls ready.

Hit 12 balls at Target 1, then 12 at Target 2, then 12 at Target

Use any wood club (hybrid, 5-wood, 3-wood, driver); switch clubs if wanted.

Try to hit each ball close to the target.

Count each shot that lands near the flag as a success.

Add up your total successful shots and enter your score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Pick one target on the range suitable for woods (Hy, 5W, 3W).

Hit 36 shots total using any wood club, aiming all shots at the same target.

Focus on producing a straight shot with no push or pull for each attempt.

Do not move your ball or change setup. Only aim straight at the target.

After all 36 shots, count the successes where the ball lands in or very close to the target and enter the score in the app.

Choose one target on the range suitable for woods shots (Hy, 5W, or 3W). Keep ball placement and stance the same.

Hit 36 shots in total.

Hit 12 low shots at the chosen target.

Hit 12 mid shots at the same target.

Hit 12 high shots at the same target.

Count each shot that lands on or near the target as a success.

Add up how many of your 36 shots were successes and enter your score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Set an alignment stick on the ground pointing at the target.

Put a cone or bucket on each side of the target about 5% of the distance from ball to flag.

Get 36 balls and use a 5-wood, Hybrid, or 3-wood.

Split balls into two groups of 18: - 18 shots curve left to right aiming for the right cone/bucket. - 18 shots curve right to left aiming for the left cone/bucket.

Keep the ball position and setup the same every time; only change curve and club.

After each shot, check if the ball lands in the correct cone/bucket on the right side for the curve.

Count each ball in the correct zone as a success.

When all 36 shots are done, total your number of successful shots and enter your score in the app out of 36 tries.

Pick a target flag suitable for your wood club at the driving range.

Hit 36 shots with your wood club, focusing solely on your backswing.

Concentrate on at most two backswing thoughts or tasks to produce your desired ball flight.

Try to do your backswing as planned for each shot.

Count each shot as a success if the ball lands within 5 yards of the target.

Add up your successes and enter your score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Pick one flag or target at a good distance for woods (hybrid, 5-wood, or 3-wood).

Put your ball on the tee as you usually do for woods shots.

Hit 36 shots with your woods, focusing solely on your downswing. Work on at most two downswing thoughts or tasks to influence the ball flight.

Switch between woods (hybrid, 5-wood, 3-wood) throughout the exercise.

Count a shot as a success if it lands and stops near the selected target.

Enter your number of successes in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Pick one target or flag on the range to aim at for all your shots with woods.

Set up the ball the same way for every shot.

Hit 36 shots using woods only, focusing on impact and follow through.

Work on at most two impact and follow through thoughts or tasks throughout the drill to produce the desired ball flight.

You may switch between woods (Hybrid, 5-wood, 3-wood) during the drill as you focus on your impact and follow through.

Count shots that land close to your target line and inside a 10-yard-wide imaginary zone as successful.

After 36 shots, total your successful shots and enter your score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Pick a flag on the range for woods shots.

Make a landing area near the flag with cones or buckets, about 5% of the distance to the target.

Split 36 shots into 3 groups of

For each group, try to land the ball in the landing area.

Use any woods club: hybrid, 5-wood, or 3-wood. You can change clubs.

After each shot, note if the ball landed in the landing area.

Finish all 36 shots, count the successful ones, and enter your score out of 36.

Hit 30 putts from 3 ft under a hanging string.

Enter score, out of 30 attempts.

Hit 50 putts from 3 ft over a chalk starting line.

Draw a straight line on the putting surface.

Enter score in the app, out of 50 attempts.

Hit 50 putts from 3 ft using two alignment sticks and a ball gate.

Enter score in the app, out of 50 attempts.

Put a bucket with 40 balls by the green. Set up two lines of 18 balls each, 1 foot apart. The lines are 6 feet apart.

Pick 3 different targets on the green. Each target should be 6 feet apart from the others.

Hit 12 shots at Target 1 from the first line.

Hit 12 shots at Target 2 from the second line.

Hit 12 shots at Target 3 from the first line.

Use the same setup for all shots. Leave balls in place between 1 and 10 yards from the green, and 5 to 30 yards from the hole.

A shot is a success if it stops within 10 feet of the target.

Count how many successful shots out of 36 attempts and enter score in the app.

Set up 10 piles of balls in two lines 3 yards/meters apart. Each line has 5 piles spaced 4 yards/meters apart.

Put the piles between 1 and 10 yards/meters from the green and 5 to 30 yards/meters from the hole.

Pick 3 targets on the green, spaced evenly apart.

Split 36 shots into 3 sets of

Aim first 12 shots at the left target.

Aim next 12 shots at the center target.

Aim last 12 shots at the right target.

Do not move the ball setup, only change the target.

Count how many balls land closest or in the scoring area for the right target, and enter your score out of 36.

Put 36 golf balls into 3 groups of 12 balls. Spread the groups around the green between 1 and 10 yards from the edge and 5 to 30 yards from the hole.

Mark 3 landing zones in a straight line at the edge of the green, each 6 feet (2 meters) apart.

Hit 36 bump-and-run shots: 12 to zone 1, 12 to zone 2, 12 to zone

Use the first set of 12 balls for zone 1, the second set for zone 2, and the last set for zone

Keep ball positions and distances the same for the whole test.

Count each ball that stops inside the target zone as a success.

Add your total successful shots and enter your score in the app out of 36 attempts.

Pick two spots between 5 and 30 yards from the hole to hit from.

Place three markers 3 feet apart in a line on the green to make target zones.

Hit 18 shots from the first spot, 6 to each target zone.

Hit 18 shots from the second spot, 6 to each target zone.

Aim for the correct zone each time.

Count shots that stop inside the correct zone as a success.

Add up your successful shots and enter your score in the app out of 36 attempts.

Take 40 balls and make 10 piles with 4 balls each. Put the piles into 2 lines of 5 piles, spaced 5 to 10 yards/meters apart.

Place the piles on grass, each 1 to 10 yards/meters from the green and 5 to 30 yards/meters from the hole.

On the green, use string or tees to make a circle about 6 feet (2 meters) wide. Mark 4 equal parts in the circle.

Hit 36 bump-and-run shots. Make 9 shots for each of the 4 circle parts.

Start from any pile, aiming for the first circle part. After 9 shots, go to the second part, then the third, then the fourth.

Change piles as wanted to practice from different spots, but keep piles the same.

Count a shot as success if it stops in the right part of the circle.

After all 36 shots, add the number of successful shots and enter your score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Place two parallel lines of balls beside the green. Each line has 18 balls spaced 1 foot apart. The lines are 5 to 10 yards apart.

On the green, mark 9 stop zones using tees, string, or buckets. Arrange the zones in 3 rows of 3, spaced evenly.

Hit 36 bump-n-run shots. Divide them into 9 groups of 4 shots.

Hit 4 shots from one ball line toward Stop Zone

Try to stop each ball in that zone.

Switch to the other ball line and hit 4 shots toward Stop Zone

Keep switching ball lines and hit 4 shots at each stop zone in order (Zone 1 to Zone 9).

Count every ball that stops in the right stop zone as a success.

Add total successful stops and enter the score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Put 40 balls into 8 piles of 5 balls each. Place the piles between 1 and 10 yards from the green and 5 to 30 yards from the hole.

On the green, use string or tees to make 4 equal sections inside a circle with a 6-foot radius around the hole.

Hit 36 bump-and-run shots, split into 4 groups of 9 shots. Each group tries to stop the ball in a different section.

Choose any pile and hit 9 shots at the first section. Then do 9 shots for the next section, and repeat for all 4 sections.

For each set of 9 shots, use any pile, but keep the same setup for all shots.

Count each shot that stops in the correct section as a success.

Add up the number of successes and enter your score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Pick one target or flag on the range to aim at for all your shots with woods.

Set up the ball the same way for every shot.

Hit 36 shots using woods only, focusing on impact and follow through.

Work on at most two impact and follow through thoughts or tasks throughout the drill to produce the desired ball flight.

You may switch between woods (Hybrid, 5-wood, 3-wood) during the drill as you focus on your impact and follow through.

Count shots that land close to your target line and inside a 10-yard-wide imaginary zone as successful.

After 36 shots, total your successful shots and enter your score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Pick any wood club, like a Hybrid, 5-wood, or 3-wood, for this drill.

Set up 3 landing zones on the green with cones or markers, about 12 yards apart.

Hit 36 shots in total, split into 3 groups of 12 shots.

Aim each group of 12 shots at one landing zone.

Change to the next landing zone after each set of 12 shots (Zone 1, then Zone 2, then Zone 3).

Keep your setup the same for every shot; only change which zone you are aiming at.

Count each shot that lands and stays in the correct zone as a success.

After all 36 shots, total up how many successes out of 36 and enter the score in the app.

Pick 3 targets on the driving range: Target 1 (short), Target 2 (medium), Target 3 (long).

Get 36 balls ready.

Hit 12 balls at Target 1, then 12 at Target 2, then 12 at Target

Use any wood club (hybrid, 5-wood, 3-wood, driver); switch clubs if wanted.

Try to hit each ball close to the target.

Count each shot that lands near the flag as a success.

Add up your total successful shots and enter your score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Choose 3 far targets for woods clubs (Hybrid, 5-wood, 3-wood, Driver).

Mark each target so 5% of the distance can be measured.

Hit 36 shots total, divided into 3 groups of 12 shots.

In each group, switch between all 4 woods in the 12 shots to one target.

For the first target, hit 12 shots, using all 4 woods until you have 3 shots close (inside 5% distance) with each wood.

Move to the second target, repeat: 12 shots, 3 close shots per wood.

Hit 12 shots at the third target, aim for 3 close shots per wood. Count each shot inside the 5% zone as a success.

Add up all successes out of 36 tries and enter score in the app.

Pick one flag or target at a good distance for woods (hybrid, 5-wood, or 3-wood).

Put your ball on the tee as you usually do for woods shots.

Hit 36 shots with your woods, focusing solely on your downswing. Work on at most two downswing thoughts or tasks to influence the ball flight.

Switch between woods (hybrid, 5-wood, 3-wood) throughout the exercise.

Count a shot as a success if it lands and stops near the selected target.

Enter your number of successes in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Hit 50 putts from 3 ft over a chalk starting line.

Draw a straight line on the putting surface.

Enter score in the app, out of 50 attempts.

Hit 50 putts from 3 ft or 1 m using an alignment mirror.

Enter score in the app, out of 50 attempts.

Hit 30 putts from 3 ft under a hanging string.

Enter score, out of 30 attempts.

Hit 25 putts from 3 ft through the ball gate.

Enter score in the app, out of 25 attempts.

Hit 50 putts from 3 ft through the ball gate using the plane board.

Enter score in the app, out of 50 attempts.

Place 36 balls in 2 straight lines of 18 balls, 6 yards apart. Balls in each line are 1 foot apart.

Put 3 flags on the green, each 10 feet apart.

Hit 36 chip shots, aiming 12 shots at each flag.

From the first line, hit 4 balls to the first flag.

From the second line, hit 4 balls to the first flag.

Repeat steps 4 and 5 until 12 balls are hit to the first flag.

Do the same method for the second flag: 4 shots from each line, until 12 shots are made.

Repeat for the third flag.

A shot is good if it stops within 10 feet of the target.

Add up your good shots and enter the score in the app, out of 36 tries.

Set up 4 rows of balls. Each row has 9 balls, 1 foot apart.

Space the rows 5 yards apart on grass, between 5 and 30 yards from the hole.

Put 3 targets by the hole: A at 12 o'clock, B at 4 o'clock, C at 8 o'clock, each 3 feet from the hole.

Split the 36 shots into 3 groups of

First 12 shots go to Target A, next 12 to Target B, last 12 to Target C.

From each row, chip the ball to try to stop it close to the chosen target. Ball setup does not change.

After 12 shots at one target, switch to the next target. Repeat until all 36 shots are finished.

Each ball that stops within 2 feet of the target is a success.

Count how many successes you had and enter your score in the app out of 36 attempts.

Set up 10 piles of balls in two lines. Each line has 5 piles. Lines are 8 yards apart. Piles in each line are 3 yards apart.

Place the piles on grass between 5 and 30 yards from the hole. Keep the same setup.

On the green, mark 9 stop zones using buckets, string, or tees. Zones cover different short chip targets.

Take 36 chip shots in total. Chip 4 balls to each of the 9 zones.

For each shot, chip from any pile. Try to stop the ball in the assigned zone. Chip 4 balls to one zone before moving to the next.

Count each ball that stops in the correct zone as a success.

After 36 shots, count how many were successful. Enter your score out of 36 in the app.

Make 3 target zones on the green. Space them 6 feet apart in a line.

Put 36 balls in 6 piles of 6 around the chipping area, 5–20 yards from the hole.

Hit 12 balls at each target zone (36 attempts total).

Start from any pile. Aim 12 shots at the first zone.

Next, aim 12 shots at the second zone from any pile.

Last, aim 12 shots at the third zone. Count shots that stop in the right zone.

Add up how many shots landed in the correct zone out of 36 attempts. Enter score in the app.

Put 36 balls into 6 piles of 6 balls on the grass, between 5 and 30 yards from the hole.

Place 3 flags or targets on the green, 6 feet apart in a line.

Split the 36 balls into 3 groups of 12 shots.

Hit the first 12 balls to the first flag and try to stop each ball within 10 feet of it.

Hit the next 12 balls to the second flag, trying to stop them within 10 feet.

Hit the last 12 balls to the third flag, again aiming to stop within 10 feet.

Switch which pile you use each time to practice different distances and grass.

Count every ball that stops within 10 feet of its flag as a successful shot.

Add up successful shots out of 36 and enter score in the app.

Put 10 piles of balls in two straight lines that cross. Each pile has 3 or 4 balls. Keep each pile between 5 and 30 yards from the hole.

Mark 3 landing zones on the green in a row. Make them 6 feet apart using sticks or string.

Hit 36 chip shots total. Aim for each landing zone 12 times.

Pick any pile to start. Hit 12 chips to the first zone, then 12 to the second zone, then 12 to the third zone.

Count how many balls land and stop inside the target zone for each shot.

Add up the number of successful shots and enter your score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Set up two lines of 18 balls each so they cross each other. Place balls 1 foot apart.

On the green, mark 3 landing zones spaced 6 feet apart in a row using sticks or string.

Hit 36 chip shots total: 18 from each ball line.

From the first line, hit 6 shots to each landing zone (18 shots).

From the second line, hit 6 shots to each landing zone (18 shots).

Count each ball that lands and stays inside the right landing zone.

Add up all successful shots, enter score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Set up 3 target zones on the green, 5 feet apart in a straight line from closest to farthest from the hole.

Place balls at the edge of the fairway on two slopes: uphill and downhill, each about 15 yards from the hole.

Hit 18 chip shots from the uphill slope and 18 chip shots from the downhill slope.

For each slope, hit 6 shots to each zone, in order.

Start with the uphill slope: hit 6 shots to Zone 1, then 6 to Zone 2, then 6 to Zone

Move to the downhill slope: hit 6 shots to each zone in order.

Count a shot as successful if the ball stops inside the target zone.

After all shots, count your total successful shots and enter your score in the app out of 36 attempts.

Make 10 piles with 4 balls in each pile, for a total of 40 balls. Put these piles in two lines that cross each other, with 5 piles in each line.

Place the piles on grass, 5-30 yards from the hole. The lines should be 5-10 yards apart, and each pile should be 2 yards apart.

Around the hole, make two circle target zones using string or tees: a small Bullseye (6 feet from hole) and a bigger Bullseye (15 feet from hole).

Hit 36 chip shots, in 3 sets of 12 shots.

For each set, chip towards the Bullseye zones, switching piles each time.

Balls stopping in the small Bullseye count as higher score. Balls in the big Bullseye also count, but less. Both are counted as a successful chip.

When finished, count all balls in the small or big Bullseye out of 36 tries, and enter the total in the app.

Pick one flag or target on the driving range to aim at for the whole drill.

Hit 36 shots with your driver, in 3 groups of 12 shots.

In each group, do 6 pairs of two different shot types, taking turns between them.

Group 1: Hit 6 fades and 6 draws, alternating each time, always aiming at the same target.

Group 2: Hit 6 high shots and 6 low shots, alternating, always at the same target.

Group 3: Hit 6 pull/fade shots and 6 push/draw shots, alternating, always at the target.

Try to make each shot match the right shape and land close to the target.

Count every shot that lands near the target and has the right shape as a success.

After all 36 shots, add up your number of successes and enter your score in the app out of 36 attempts.

Pick a flag or target to aim for with your driver.

Put three markers on the ground to make landing zones. Put each zone 15 yards/meters apart in a line.

Hit 36 driver shots, divided into three sets of 12 shots.

Try to get all 12 shots in the same zone for each set. First set, aim for zone

Second set, zone

Third set, zone

Hit the balls one at a time, keep each ball inside the current zone.

Finish when 12 balls have landed in each zone (zone 1, then zone 2, then zone 3).

Count every shot that finishes inside the right zone as a success.

At the end, add up successful shots and enter score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Pick a flag or target at the distance you want to practice.

Put 9 markers in a circle around the flag, spaced evenly and close to it.

Hit 36 shots with your driver.

Divide your 36 shots into 9 groups of 4 shots, each group aimed at one marker.

For each marker, hit 2 shots curving left, 2 shots curving right.

A shot counts if it finishes between the two markers of a target.

Set up carefully for each shot and try to hit the target the right way.

Count how many shots finished between the markers and enter your score out of 36 in the app.

Pick one target to aim for with your driver.

Make three zones around the target, each zone 25 feet apart, using cones or markers.

Hit 36 drives in total, split into 3 groups of 12 shots.

For the first 12 shots, aim for the first zone.

For the next 12 shots, aim for the second zone.

For the last 12 shots, aim for the third zone and enter your score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Use any spot to hit from, but keep your ball setup the same.

Count each shot that lands and stays in the correct zone as a success.

Choose one flag or target on the range to aim at with the driver.

Mark 3 Y-shaped target areas around the flag, each about 15 yards wide.

Hit 36 driver shots.

Hit 12 shots at each Y-area.

Hit shots to the areas in any order.

A shot is a success if it lands in the 15-yard-wide Y-area around the flag.

Count the successful shots for each Y-area.

Add up total successful shots and enter the score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Pick one target for driver shots.

Hit 35 shots in total.

Split into 5 groups of 7 shots.

First 7 shots: hit straight to the target.

Next 7 shots: hit draw to the target.

Next 7 shots: hit fade to the target.

Next 7 shots: hit pull-fade to the target.

Last 7 shots: hit push-draw to the target and enter your number of successful shots out of 35 attempts.

Place three landing zones around the flag, each 15 yards/meters apart.

Hit 36 shots using only a driver.

Aim 12 shots at each landing zone.

Start with any zone and hit 12 shots at it.

Move to the next zone and hit 12 shots, then do the same for the last zone.

Count each shot that lands and stays in its zone as a success.

Add up your successful shots and enter the score in the app, out of 36 attempts.