14 Week Flagship Program for West

Hit 25 putts from 3 ft through the ball gate.

Enter score in the app, out of 25 attempts.

Hit 30 putts from 3 ft under a hanging string.

Enter score, out of 30 attempts.

Hit 50 putts from 3 ft or 1 m using an alignment mirror.

Enter score in the app, out of 50 attempts.

Hit 50 putts from 3 ft through the ball gate using the plane board.

Enter score in the app, out of 50 attempts.

Hit 50 putts from 3 ft over a chalk starting line.

Draw a straight line on the putting surface.

Enter score in the app, out of 50 attempts.

Place eight tees around the hole at 9 ft or 3 m.

After making a putt, move to the next tee.

Hit 40 putts.

Enter the total number of made putts in the app, out of 40 attempts.

Position four tees around the hole at 9 ft or 3 m.

After each holed putt, move to the next tee in front.

Hit 40 putts.

Enter the total number of holed putts in the app, out of 40 attempts.

Hit 25 putts from 9 ft (3m) through the ball gate.

Count putts that go through the gate without touching the tees.

Enter score in the app, out of 25 attempts.

Hit 30 putts from 9 ft (3 m) using two alignment sticks and through the ball gate.

Enter score. Total number of putts holed, out of 30 attempts.

Hit 30 putts from 9 ft (3 m).

Enter score in the app, out of 30 attempts.

Hit 30 putts from 9 ft using an alignment mirror.

Enter score in the app, out of 30 attempts.

Place 36 balls into 6 groups of 6 balls.

Mark 3 target pins on the green, 6 feet apart in a line or arc.

From above feet, hit 18 shots, 6 at each pin in order.

From below feet, hit 18 shots, 6 at each pin in order.

Keep the same ball setup and lie each time. Only change slope.

Count each ball that stops within 3 feet of the target pin as a success.

After 36 shots, add up successes out of 36 and enter score in the app.

Make 10 piles of 4 balls (40 balls) in two lines, crossing each other near the green, 1 to 10 yards from the green and 5 to 30 yards from the hole. Keep piles 2 yards apart, lines 5 to 10 yards apart.

On the green, use string or tees to mark two circles around the hole: one with a 6-foot radius (inner), the other with a 15-foot radius (outer).

Use only 36 balls (9 piles of 4) for this test.

Split the 36 shots into two groups of

For the first 18 shots, try to land the ball inside the small circle.

For the next 18 shots, try to land the ball inside the big circle but outside the small circle.

Play bump-and-run shots by hitting from different piles, one after the other, keeping the same setup and order.

Count as a success if the ball stops in the correct circle. If not, it is a miss.

Count how many balls finished where they should in both circles. Enter your score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Pick two spots between 5 and 30 yards from the hole to hit from.

Place three markers 3 feet apart in a line on the green to make target zones.

Hit 18 shots from the first spot, 6 to each target zone.

Hit 18 shots from the second spot, 6 to each target zone.

Aim for the correct zone each time.

Count shots that stop inside the correct zone as a success.

Add up your successful shots and enter your score in the app out of 36 attempts.

Place 18 balls on the uphill slope and 18 balls on the downhill slope between 5 and 30 yards from the hole.

Set up 3 targets on the green, spaced evenly in a 10-foot wide area, labeled Target A, Target B, and Target C.

Hit 18 shots from the uphill slope and 18 shots from the downhill slope, for a total of 36 shots.

For each slope, hit 6 shots at Target A, then 6 shots at Target B, then 6 shots at Target C.

Keep the ball setup the same and do not move from your spot on the slope while hitting each group of shots.

Count each shot that lands and stops in the target zone as a success.

After all 36 shots, count and enter the number of successful shots in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Gather 36 balls and split them into 2 groups of

Stand on a slope where the ball is above your feet for the first 18 shots.

Choose one target on the green to aim at.

Hit 18 bump-and-run shots, trying to get close to the target from this lie.

Move to a slope where the ball is below your feet for the next 18 shots.

Hit 18 bump-and-run shots at the same target from this lie.

Count how many balls stop close to the pin. Record that number as your score out of 36 in the app.

Put 36 golf balls into 3 groups of 12 balls. Spread the groups around the green between 1 and 10 yards from the edge and 5 to 30 yards from the hole.

Mark 3 landing zones in a straight line at the edge of the green, each 6 feet (2 meters) apart.

Hit 36 bump-and-run shots: 12 to zone 1, 12 to zone 2, 12 to zone

Use the first set of 12 balls for zone 1, the second set for zone 2, and the last set for zone

Keep ball positions and distances the same for the whole test.

Count each ball that stops inside the target zone as a success.

Add your total successful shots and enter your score in the app out of 36 attempts.

Put a bucket with 40 balls by the green. Set up two lines of 18 balls each, 1 foot apart. The lines are 6 feet apart.

Pick 3 different targets on the green. Each target should be 6 feet apart from the others.

Hit 12 shots at Target 1 from the first line.

Hit 12 shots at Target 2 from the second line.

Hit 12 shots at Target 3 from the first line.

Use the same setup for all shots. Leave balls in place between 1 and 10 yards from the green, and 5 to 30 yards from the hole.

A shot is a success if it stops within 10 feet of the target.

Count how many successful shots out of 36 attempts and enter score in the app.

Place 36 balls into 9 piles of 4 balls each. Arrange piles in two lines, with 4 in one line and 5 in the other, 5-10 yards apart and 2 yards between piles.

On the green, set up 3 landing zones side by side, 6 feet apart, using sticks, clubs, or string.

Hit 36 chip shots, 12 shots at each landing zone.

Hit 12 chip shots at the first landing zone from any piles.

Hit 12 chip shots at the second landing zone. Change piles if wanted.

Hit 12 chip shots at the third landing zone. Change piles if wanted.

Count a success each time the ball stays in the correct landing zone.

Add up all successful shots and enter score in the app out of 36 attempts.

Arrange 10 piles of balls in two lines that cross each other. Each line has 5 piles. Each pile has the same number of balls.

Put the piles 5 to 30 yards from the hole. Leave 3 yards between piles in a line. Make lines 5 to 10 yards apart.

Set up 3 targets around the green. Each target is about 6 feet apart from the others.

There are 36 chip shots total, with 12 shots for each target.

Always use the same stance and ball position for every shot.

For each set of 12 shots, chip to the target from any pile. Try to get close to the target.

A shot is a success if the ball stops within 3 feet of the target.

After all 36 shots, add up how many balls stopped within 3 feet of the target and enter the score out of 36 attempts in the app.

Set up 3 landing zones on the green, 6 feet apart in a straight line.

Place 3 piles of balls around the chipping area, each pile randomly 5 to 30 yards from the hole. Keep this setup the same.

Divide 36 chip shots into 3 groups of

For the first 12 shots, aim for the first landing zone from any pile.

For the next 12 shots, aim for the second landing zone from any pile.

For the last 12 shots, aim for the third landing zone from any pile.

Count each shot that lands and stays in the correct zone as a success.

Total the successful shots out of 36 and enter the score in the app.

Make 10 piles with 4 balls in each pile, for a total of 40 balls. Put these piles in two lines that cross each other, with 5 piles in each line.

Place the piles on grass, 5-30 yards from the hole. The lines should be 5-10 yards apart, and each pile should be 2 yards apart.

Around the hole, make two circle target zones using string or tees: a small Bullseye (6 feet from hole) and a bigger Bullseye (15 feet from hole).

Hit 36 chip shots, in 3 sets of 12 shots.

For each set, chip towards the Bullseye zones, switching piles each time.

Balls stopping in the small Bullseye count as higher score. Balls in the big Bullseye also count, but less. Both are counted as a successful chip.

When finished, count all balls in the small or big Bullseye out of 36 tries, and enter the total in the app.

Scatter 40 balls into 8 piles of 5 balls each between 5 and 30 yards from the hole.

On the green, use markers to make a 6-foot circle around the hole and divide it into 4 quadrants.

Hit 36 chip shots.

Hit 9 shots at each of the 4 quadrants.

Hit each shot from a different pile and try to land it in the right quadrant.

Count a shot as a success if it stops in the correct quadrant.

Enter number of successful shots out of 36 attempts in the app.

Set up 10 piles of balls in two lines: 5 piles in each line, 3 yards apart, and the lines 5 to 10 yards away from each other. Piles are 5 to 30 yards from the hole.

Use string or tees to mark 4 equal areas around the hole, each 6 feet from the hole.

Hit 36 chip shots, split into 4 groups of

Aim each group at a different area.

Start from a pile, chip 9 balls at the first area, then move to another pile for the next area. Do this until all 4 areas have 9 shots each.

Each shot that stops in the right area is a success.

Count the number of successful shots out of 36 and enter your score in the app.

Mark 4 areas on the green with string or tees. Each area should be a circle about 6 feet wide.

Put 36 balls into 4 piles of 9 balls. Place the piles between 5 and 30 yards from the hole.

Hit 9 balls from each pile. Aim every group of 9 at a different circle.

Try to land each ball into the correct circle. Move to the next pile and repeat until all 36 balls are hit.

Count the balls that stop inside the correct circle.

Add up your successful shots out of 36 attempts and enter the score in the app.

Make two target zones on the green, Zone A on the left and Zone B on the right, 8 feet apart.

Put 18 balls in the deep rough above feet, at distances from 5 to 20 yards, in a straight line.

Chip the 18 balls to land and stop in Zone A from the uphill position.

Move to deep rough below feet, set up 18 balls the same way.

Chip these balls to land and stop in Zone B from the downhill position.

Count each ball that lands and stays in the right zone as a success.

When finished, enter the total number of successes out of 36 attempts in the app.

Put 18 balls in one bucket for shots above your feet, and 18 balls in another bucket for shots below your feet.

On the practice green, set up 3 target zones in a row, about 10 to 15 feet from the hole.

Split the 36 balls into 3 groups of 12 balls.

For the first 12 balls, hit from above feet and aim for Target Zone

For the next 12 balls, hit from below feet and aim for Target Zone

For the last 12 balls, switch between above and below feet every 2 balls and aim for Target Zone

Always keep the ball on the correct slope as needed, only change which target zone you aim at as above.

Count each ball that lands and stays in the correct target zone as a success.

When done, count how many successes out of 36 and enter the score in the app.

Scatter 40 balls in 8 lines, with 5 balls in each line, spaced about 1 yard or meter apart between 5 and 40 yards or meters from the hole.

Divide a 10-foot or 3-meter circle around the hole into 4 equal parts using string or tees.

Hit a total of 36 flop shots.

Assign 9 shots to each of the 4 parts.

Pick 5 balls from the scattered lines and try to land and stop the ball in the assigned part, then move to a different line and part.

Always hit each shot from where the ball was placed, aiming at the assigned part.

Count a shot as successful if the ball stops inside the intended part.

Do all 36 shots (9 in each part) and then count all successful shots and enter score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Put two target zones on the green, 6 feet apart. Call them Zone A and Zone B.

Set up in deep rough, 15 to 40 yards from the green.

Hit 36 flop shots: 18 at Zone A, 18 at Zone B.

Hit 3 shots at Zone A, then 3 shots at Zone B. Repeat until all shots are done.

Count a success if the ball stops inside the target zone.

Keep the ball in the same place for every shot. Only aim changes.

Add total successes out of 36 attempts. Enter score in the app.

Make 2 lines of 5 ball piles each (10 piles total). Keep lines 6 yards apart and piles 4 yards apart.

Put all piles on short grass 5-20 yards from the hole, not on the green.

Place 3 target markers in a line on the green. Space them 6 feet apart. Call them Target A, Target B, and Target C.

Hit 36 flop shots in total, in 3 sets of 12 shots.

First 12 shots go to Target A. Next 12 to Target B. Last 12 to Target C.

Pick any pile for each shot. Hit the ball at the current target.

Count each shot that stops closest to or inside the target area. This is a "success."

Add up all successful shots for each target.

Record the score out of 36 attempts in the app.

Arrange 36 balls into 9 piles of 4 balls each. Put 5 piles in one line and 4 piles in a second line, spaced 2 meters apart. Leave 5 to 10 meters between lines.

Mark 4 equal quadrants inside a circle with a 3 meter radius around the hole using string or tees.

Divide 36 balls into 4 groups of 9 shots. Aim for 9 shots into each quadrant.

Hit flop shots from any pile. Aim to land 9 balls in the first quadrant, then move to the next quadrant for the next 9 shots, until all 4 quadrants are targeted.

Count each shot that lands in the right quadrant as a success.

After 36 shots, enter your total successful shots in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Arrange 10 piles of balls in two lines, with 5 piles in each line. Each pile is 4 yards or meters apart. The two lines are 5 to 10 yards or meters apart.

Put the piles between 5 and 40 yards or meters from the hole. Do not put them on the green.

On the green, use string or tees to make two circles around the hole: one small circle with a 6-foot (2-meter) radius and one big circle with a 15-foot (5-meter) radius.

Hit flop shots from each pile. Try to land the ball in the circles. Balls in the small circle are best, in the big circle are medium, and outside both circles are misses.

Hit 36 total flop shots. This means 3 sets of 12 shots.

For the first 12 shots, aim for the small circle. For the next 12, aim for the area between the two circles. For the last 12, aim anywhere inside the big circle.

Pick any pile to start. Hit one flop shot from each pile. Cover all piles evenly.

Count each ball that lands where you aimed.

Add up your successful shots out of 36 attempts and enter your score in the app.

Set up two lines of 5 piles of balls (10 piles total), each pile with 3 or 4 balls. Lines should be 5 to 10 yards/meters apart and piles in each line 4 yards/meters apart.

Place piles between 5 and 40 yards/meters from the hole, on grass around the green, not on the green.

On the green, mark 9 stop zones in a 3x3 grid using buckets, string lines, or tees.

Hit 36 flop shots total, 4 shots for each stop zone.

For each shot, choose any pile and hit to the assigned stop zone. After 4 shots to one zone, move to the next zone.

A successful shot is when the ball stops inside the intended stop zone.

Use the same setup for every shot.

Finish all 36 shots, 4 to each stop zone.

Count how many balls stopped in each zone and add them up. Enter the total number of successful shots out of 36 attempts.

Put 36 balls in 6 straight lines. Each line has 6 balls. Each ball is 1 yard or meter apart. Place lines 5-20 yards or meters from the hole, not on the green.

On the green, make two circles around the hole with string or tees: one small circle with a 6 foot/2 meter radius, and one bigger circle with a 15 foot/5 meter radius.

Hit all 6 balls in a line toward the hole, trying to land them inside the circles.

For the first 18 hits, try to land balls in the small circle. For the next 18 hits, try to land balls in the big circle.

After hitting one line, go to another line and repeat until all 36 balls are hit.

Count how many balls stop inside the right circle for each try. Enter your score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Set up 4 rows of 9 balls each, spaced 1 foot apart. Each row is 3 yards apart.

On the green, use strings or tees to mark 4 circles, each 6 feet wide.

Hit 9 balls at each circle, for a total of 36 shots.

Start at any row. Hit 9 balls at the first circle, then the next 9 at the second, and so on for all circles.

Keep the balls in the same place and aim at the target circle each time.

Count how many balls stop inside each circle after 9 shots.

Add up the number of balls that stopped inside the target circles out of 36, and enter score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Place two lines of 18 balls each near the green. Balls are 1 foot apart. Lines are 5 to 10 yards apart.

On the green, make a circle around the hole (6 feet radius) and divide it into 4 equal quadrants with string or markers.

Hit 36 bump-and-run shots total, 9 shots at each quadrant.

For each set of 9 shots, aim to stop the ball inside one chosen quadrant.

Hit 4 or 5 shots in a row from one line, then switch to the other line and finish the 9 shots for that quadrant.

After 9 shots to one quadrant, move to the next quadrant and repeat the routine until all 4 quadrants have been used.

Count each ball that stops in the right quadrant as a success.

After all 36 shots, add up successful shots in the intended quadrants and enter score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Arrange 40 balls into 10 piles of 4 balls each. Place the piles in two parallel lines, 5 to 10 yards apart, with each pile in a line about 2 yards apart.

On the green, mark two target zones: an inner circle with a 6-foot radius and an outer circle with a 15-foot radius.

Hit 36 shots: 18 to the inner circle, 18 to the outer circle.

Hit shots from any pile, switch between piles and lines.

Count a shot as a success if it stops in the target zone.

After 36 shots, add up successful shots and enter score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Set up 10 piles of balls in 2 lines, each line 3 yards/meters apart. Piles are 4 yards/meters apart in each line.

Put the piles at distances between 1 and 10 yards/meters from the green, and 5 to 30 yards/meters from the hole.

On the green, make 3 landing zones with sticks or clubs, each zone 6 feet (2 meters) apart in a line.

Do 36 bump-and-run shots, aiming for each landing zone 12 times.

Hit 12 shots at the first zone, then 12 at the second, then 12 at the third. Switch piles as needed.

Count each shot that lands and stays in the correct zone as a success.

Add up successes and enter score in the app out of 36 attempts.

Put two rows of 18 balls each on grass near the green. Keep the rows 5 yards apart.

Put both rows about 10 yards from the hole.

Make three target zones on the green: Left, Center, and Right. Each is about 4 feet wide.

There will be 36 bump-and-run shots: 12 for each zone.

From the first row, hit every third ball to the Left zone (12 shots).

From the second row, hit every third ball to the Center zone (12 shots).

Go back to the first row. Hit every third ball to the Right zone (12 shots).

Count the shots that stop inside the target zone.

Add successes and enter score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Pick a flag or target far away to aim driver shots.

Hit 36 driver shots to the same target, focusing on hitting the ball well with proper impact and follow through.

Count every shot that lands near the target as a success.

After all 36 shots, record how many were successful in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Pick a target about 200 yards away to aim at.

Put the ball on the tee and get ready with your normal driver setup.

Hit 36 driver shots at the target, focusing on at most two backswing thoughts or tasks.

After each shot, assess the ball flight and your control based on your backswing focus.

Count how many shots feel controlled and on target.

Add up your total successful shots out of 36 and enter the score in the app.

Pick a clear, far target suitable for driver shots.

Get 36 balls: 12 for low, 12 for mid, 12 for high shots.

Keep your setup the same; only change ball flight height.

Hit all 36 driver shots—12 low, 12 mid, and 12 high—aiming at the same target.

After completing the shots, record how many were good out of 36 in the app.

Pick one flag or target on the driving range to aim at for the whole drill.

Hit 36 shots with your driver, in 3 groups of 12 shots.

In each group, do 6 pairs of two different shot types, taking turns between them.

Group 1: Hit 6 fades and 6 draws, alternating each time, always aiming at the same target.

Group 2: Hit 6 high shots and 6 low shots, alternating, always at the same target.

Group 3: Hit 6 pull/fade shots and 6 push/draw shots, alternating, always at the target.

Try to make each shot match the right shape and land close to the target.

Count every shot that lands near the target and has the right shape as a success.

After all 36 shots, add up your number of successes and enter your score in the app out of 36 attempts.

Place a flag or target for your mid irons (7, 6, or 5 irons).

Make 3 landing zones around the flag. Space the zones 8 yards/meters apart with cones, buckets, or markers.

Hit 36 shots in total. Do 12 shots for each landing zone.

Only use 7, 6, or 5 irons for all shots. Switch clubs if you want, but keep ball setup the same.

Hit 12 shots to one zone, then 12 to another, then 12 to the last zone. You can go in any order.

A shot counts as successful if it lands and stops in the right zone.

Add up how many shots landed in the right zone, out of 36 attempts, and enter the score in the app.

Choose 6 different targets at medium distance for irons 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, and

Match each target with the correct iron, from 9 to

Hit 36 shots in total, 6 shots at each target.

Try to land shots within 5% of the flag distance.

Aim to get at least 2 shots in the 5% zone for each target.

Switch between targets and irons as you go. Any order is fine.

Count each shot that lands inside the 5% zone.

At the end, enter your score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Pick one flag or target for mid iron shots (using 7, 6, or 5 iron).

Hit 36 balls in total, divided into 3 sets of 12 shots: - Set 1: 6 fades and 6 draws, switching each time, to the same target. - Set 2: 6 high shots and 6 low shots, switching each time, to the same target. - Set 3: 6 pull/fade shots and 6 push/draw shots, switching each time, to the same target.

Keep ball setup and target the same for every shot.

For each set, work on either shot height or shot direction as required.

Give 1 point for each shot that lands close to the target with the right flight.

Keep alternating shots until you finish all

At the end, count your total successful shots and enter score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Choose 6 targets at different distances for irons 9 through

Assign each iron (9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2) to hit 4 shots each, for 32 shots total.

Add 4 extra shots using any club and target, for a total of 36 shots.

Try to land each shot within 5% of the distance to the target.

Keep the setup the same for every shot, only aim at different targets.

Count each shot that lands within 5% of the target distance as a success.

After 36 shots, add up your successful shots and enter your score in the app out of 36 attempts.

Set up 3 flags or targets in a field, spaced apart for medium iron shots (about 80-150 yards). Label them Target A, Target B, and Target C.

Hit 36 shots total: 12 shots at each target.

Use different irons for each target, like 9-iron for Target A, 6-iron for Target B, 3-iron for Target C.

Hit 12 shots at Target A, then 12 at Target B, then 12 at Target C. Keep setup and routine the same.

Count shots that land within 10 yards of each target. These are successes.

Add up your successful shots. Enter your score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Pick a flag or target suitable for hitting mid irons (7, 6, or 5 iron).

Hit 36 balls in total, in 3 sets of 12 balls each using mid irons only.

Focus solely on your downswing throughout the drill. Work on at most two downswing thoughts or tasks to produce your desired ball flight.

Switch between different mid irons throughout the exercise.

Set up the same way for every shot, aiming all shots at the single target.

Count only the shots that land and stay in the target area.

Add up your successful shots out of 36 and enter your score in the app.

Pick one flag at medium distance suitable for mid irons (7, 6, 5). Use the same ball setup for all shots.

Hit 36 shots total—12 low shots, 12 mid shots, and 12 high shots—all aimed at the same target.

Focus on producing distinct low, mid, and high shots throughout the exercise, switching between mid irons.

Count a success if the ball lands close to the target with the intended trajectory.

After all 36 shots, count how many were successful out of 36 and enter your score in the app.

Pick a flag on the range about 120 to 150 yards away for mid irons (7, 6, or 5 iron).

Hit 36 shots total using only mid irons, focusing solely on impact and follow through.

Use one consistent target (the chosen flag) for all shots.

Work on at most two impact and follow through thoughts or tasks to produce your desired ball flight.

Count each shot that lands and stays near the target as a success.

Add the total successful shots out of 36 attempts and enter score in the app.

Pick a flag or target at a medium distance suitable for hitting mid irons (7, 6, or 5).

Use one mid iron and hit 36 shots aiming at the same target.

For each shot, focus only on your backswing, working with 1 or 2 simple backswing thoughts.

Set up the ball the same way each time and maintain your backswing focus.

Hit all 36 shots and count how many have straight, good ball flight that matches your backswing.

After all shots, count how many were good out of 36 and enter the number in the app.

Pick one target suitable for long irons (4, 3, 2).

Hit 36 shots using your long irons (4, 3, and 2 irons).

Hit 18 shots curving left-to-right and 18 shots curving right-to-left, all towards the same target.

Keep the same stance and setup for every shot.

Try to make the ball land close to the target.

Count each shot that lands and stays near the target as a success.

Add up your total successful shots and enter your score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Set up one flag target.

Place three landing zones in a line, each 8 yards/meters apart, going toward the flag.

Hit 36 long iron shots in 3 sets of

In each set, aim for the first, then second, then third landing zone in order.

The ball must stop within 8 yards/meters of the flag.

Use long irons only (4, 3, or 2). Switch clubs during the drill if wanted.

Count each shot that lands in the right zone and stops within 8 yards/meters of the flag as a success.

After 36 shots, enter the number of successful shots in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Pick one flag or target for long irons (4, 3, or 2 iron).

Mark three landing zones about 10 yards/meters apart around the flag using cones, buckets, or markers.

Hit 36 shots, split into three groups of 12 shots.

For the first 12 shots, aim for Landing Zone

For the next 12 shots, aim for Landing Zone

For the last 12 shots, aim for Landing Zone

Switch between 4, 3, and 2 irons if wanted, but set up the ball the same way each time.

Count shots that land and stop in the right landing zone as a success.

When finished, add up the successful shots and enter your score in the app, out of 36 attempts.