14 Week Flagship Program for Par 3

Hit 30 putts from 6 ft (2 m).

Enter score in the app, out of 30 attempts.

Hit 30 putts from 6 ft using an alignment mirror.

Enter score in the app, out of 30 attempts.

Place eight tees around the hole at 6 ft or 2 m.

After each putt is made, move to the next tee in front.

Hit 40 putts.

Enter the total number of putts made in the app, out of 40 attempts.

Hit 30 putts from 6 ft (2 m).

Enter score in the app, out of 30 attempts.

Hit 30 putts from 6 ft using an alignment mirror.

Enter score in the app, out of 30 attempts.

Place eight tees around the hole at 6 ft or 2 m.

After each putt is made, move to the next tee in front.

Hit 40 putts.

Enter the total number of putts made in the app, out of 40 attempts.

Make 3 target zones on the green. Space them 6 feet apart in a line.

Put 36 balls in 6 piles of 6 around the chipping area, 5–20 yards from the hole.

Hit 12 balls at each target zone (36 attempts total).

Start from any pile. Aim 12 shots at the first zone.

Next, aim 12 shots at the second zone from any pile.

Last, aim 12 shots at the third zone. Count shots that stop in the right zone.

Add up how many shots landed in the correct zone out of 36 attempts. Enter score in the app.

Set up two target zones on the green: one uphill, one downhill, about 10 feet apart.

Hit 18 chip shots from the uphill slope at the uphill target zone.

Hit 18 chip shots from the downhill slope at the downhill target zone.

Keep ball setup the same for all shots. Only change your target for the slope.

Count shots that stop inside or within 3 feet of the target zone as a success.

Add up all successful shots out of 36 attempts and enter score in the app.

Place 36 balls in 2 straight lines of 18 balls, 6 yards apart. Balls in each line are 1 foot apart.

Put 3 flags on the green, each 10 feet apart.

Hit 36 chip shots, aiming 12 shots at each flag.

From the first line, hit 4 balls to the first flag.

From the second line, hit 4 balls to the first flag.

Repeat steps 4 and 5 until 12 balls are hit to the first flag.

Do the same method for the second flag: 4 shots from each line, until 12 shots are made.

Repeat for the third flag.

A shot is good if it stops within 10 feet of the target.

Add up your good shots and enter the score in the app, out of 36 tries.

Put 40 balls into 10 piles with 4 balls in each pile. Arrange in two lines, 5 piles per line.

Space piles 2 yards or meters apart side to side. Space the two lines 5 to 10 yards or meters apart front to back.

Mark 4 sections (quadrants) in a circle of 6 feet or 2 meters radius around the hole on the green using string or tees.

Hit 36 chip shots total, 9 shots into each quadrant.

Start at any pile and chip balls to land in the first quadrant. After 9 shots, switch to the next quadrant.

Switch piles after each shot for variety, but always keep the same chipping setup and distance.

Count each ball that stops inside the correct quadrant as a success.

After all 36 shots, enter number of successful shots made out of 36 attempts.

Put 10 piles of balls in two straight lines that cross. Each pile has 3 or 4 balls. Keep each pile between 5 and 30 yards from the hole.

Mark 3 landing zones on the green in a row. Make them 6 feet apart using sticks or string.

Hit 36 chip shots total. Aim for each landing zone 12 times.

Pick any pile to start. Hit 12 chips to the first zone, then 12 to the second zone, then 12 to the third zone.

Count how many balls land and stop inside the target zone for each shot.

Add up the number of successful shots and enter your score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Place 3 target zones on the green, 6 feet apart, in a line from the hole.

Use 36 balls, split into two groups of

Chip 18 balls from above feet level, 6 balls to each zone.

Chip 18 balls from below feet level, 6 balls to each zone.

Count balls that stop inside the correct zone.

Add up total successful shots and enter score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Put 36 balls into 6 piles of 6 balls on the grass, between 5 and 30 yards from the hole.

Place 3 flags or targets on the green, 6 feet apart in a line.

Split the 36 balls into 3 groups of 12 shots.

Hit the first 12 balls to the first flag and try to stop each ball within 10 feet of it.

Hit the next 12 balls to the second flag, trying to stop them within 10 feet.

Hit the last 12 balls to the third flag, again aiming to stop within 10 feet.

Switch which pile you use each time to practice different distances and grass.

Count every ball that stops within 10 feet of its flag as a successful shot.

Add up successful shots out of 36 and enter score in the app.

Set up two targets on the green about 10 to 15 yards apart.

Get 36 balls and split them into 2 groups of

Hit 18 flop shots from a slope with the ball above your feet, aiming at the first target.

Hit 18 flop shots from a slope with the ball below your feet, aiming at the second target.

Count how many balls land and stop within 3 feet of each target. These are successes.

Keep your ball setup the same for all shots.

After all 36 shots, record how many were successful out of 36 in the app.

Arrange 36 balls into 9 piles of 4 balls each. Put 5 piles in one line and 4 piles in a second line, spaced 2 meters apart. Leave 5 to 10 meters between lines.

Mark 4 equal quadrants inside a circle with a 3 meter radius around the hole using string or tees.

Divide 36 balls into 4 groups of 9 shots. Aim for 9 shots into each quadrant.

Hit flop shots from any pile. Aim to land 9 balls in the first quadrant, then move to the next quadrant for the next 9 shots, until all 4 quadrants are targeted.

Count each shot that lands in the right quadrant as a success.

After 36 shots, enter your total successful shots in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Place two ball markers on the green, about 10 feet apart.

Choose a spot on the uphill slope, 5 to 20 yards from the hole. Use this spot every time for the test.

Hit 18 flop shots from this spot. Aim at the targets, switching every 3 shots between them until all 18 shots are done.

Move to a spot on the downhill slope, 5 to 20 yards from the hole. Use this spot every time for these shots.

Hit 18 flop shots from the downhill spot. Switch targets every 3 shots until all 18 are done.

Count shots that stop within 3 feet of the marker as successful.

Add up all successful shots out of 36 and enter the score in the app.

Set up 10 piles of balls in two lines. Each line has 5 piles, spaced 3 yards or meters apart.

Put these piles on grass, 5 to 20 yards or meters from the hole, but not on the green.

Mark 3 targets near the green, spaced around the hole (left, center, right).

Hit 36 flop shots in total. Make 3 groups of 12 shots.

For the first group, aim at the left target. For the second group, aim at the center target. For the third group, aim at the right target.

Pick any pile to start each group. Hit each ball at the assigned target.

A successful shot is when the ball stops closest to the right target area.

After all 36 shots, count the shots that stopped closest to each target.

Add your total successful shots out of 36 and enter your score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Place 36 balls in two groups of 18 balls each for uphill and downhill shots.

Set up three targets on the green: right, center, and left of the hole, each 6 feet apart.

Hit 12 flop shots from uphill slope at the right target.

Hit 6 shots from uphill at the center target, then 6 at the left target (total 18 uphill shots).

From downhill slope, hit 12 shots at the right target, 6 at center, 6 at left (total 18 downhill shots).

Count shots that stop within 3 feet of the target as success.

Write down your number of successful shots out of 36 attempts in the app.

Place two pins on the green about 8 feet apart to mark target zones.

Set up 5 to 20 yards from the hole on flat ground.

Hit 36 flop shots in 3 sets of

Aim all first 12 shots at the left target.

Aim all next 12 shots at the right target.

For the last 12 shots, switch target every 3 shots: 3 left, 3 right, then repeat.

Keep the same ball setup for every shot.

Count a shot as success if ball stops within 3 feet of target.

After all 36 shots, enter your number of successful shots out of 36 attempts in the app.

Place 40 balls into 10 piles of 4 balls each. Arrange them in two lines of 5 piles each, lines must cross each other.

Make sure the lines are 7 yards apart. In a line, make sure each pile is 2 yards apart.

Set up 3 flags in a row, 10 feet apart. Each flag is a target for hitting the balls.

Hit 36 balls in total. Hit 12 balls at each target.

Hit the balls by switching between piles in the two lines.

If a ball lands within 10 feet of the target, count it as a success.

Count your successful shots out of 36 and enter score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Set up 3 target areas on the green, about 6 feet apart.

Make 6 piles of 6 balls each, on the grass 5 to 40 yards from the hole.

Hit 36 flop shots total. Divide them into 3 groups of 12 shots.

Hit the first 12 shots at Target 1, using any piles.

Hit the next 12 shots at Target 2, choosing any piles.

Hit the last 12 shots at Target 3, using any piles.

After each shot, see if your ball stopped very close to the target. Count that shot as a success if it did.

When finished, add up successful shots and enter your score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Set up two lines of 18 balls each. The lines should cross at a right angle. Each ball is 1 foot apart.

Put two targets on the green, 5 to 10 yards apart. The targets are set 5 to 20 yards away from the ball lines.

Hit 36 flop shots: 18 shots from the first line, 18 shots from the second line.

For each line, split the 18 shots into 3 groups of 6 balls.

For each set of 6 balls, aim at one target. Try to land the ball within 10 feet of the target.

Take turns aiming each set at a different target.

Count each ball that lands within 10 feet of the target as a success.

After all 36 shots, add up successes and enter score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Divide 36 balls into 3 groups of 12 balls each.

Put 3 targets on the green, each about 3 feet apart.

From about 10-20 yards away, chip 12 balls and try to get them to stop inside Target

Chip 12 balls at Target 2, same way.

Chip 12 balls at Target 3, same way.

Count how many shots stop inside the right target.

Add up your total successful shots out of 36 and enter score in the app.

Arrange 10 piles of balls in two lines that cross each other. Each line has 5 piles. Each pile has the same number of balls.

Put the piles 5 to 30 yards from the hole. Leave 3 yards between piles in a line. Make lines 5 to 10 yards apart.

Set up 3 targets around the green. Each target is about 6 feet apart from the others.

There are 36 chip shots total, with 12 shots for each target.

Always use the same stance and ball position for every shot.

For each set of 12 shots, chip to the target from any pile. Try to get close to the target.

A shot is a success if the ball stops within 3 feet of the target.

After all 36 shots, add up how many balls stopped within 3 feet of the target and enter the score out of 36 attempts in the app.

Put 40 balls into 8 piles, with 5 balls in each pile, between 5 and 30 yards from the hole.

On the green, mark 3 zones in a straight line, each zone 6 feet apart.

Hit 36 chip shots in total, split into 3 sets of 12 shots.

For the first 12 shots, aim to land the ball in Zone

For the next 12 shots, aim for Zone

For the last 12 shots, aim for Zone

Choose any pile to hit from, switch piles if wanted.

Count each shot that stops in the right zone as a success.

After all 36 shots, enter score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Find a flat spot in deep rough or thick grass, 5 to 30 yards from the hole.

Place three targets on the green in a line, about 4 feet apart.

Hit 36 chip shots in total, split into 3 groups of 12 shots.

For the first 12 shots, aim for Target

For the next 12 shots, aim for Target

For the last 12 shots, aim for Target

Use the same setup for every shot.

Count a success if the ball stops within 2 feet of the target.

Add up how many successes were made out of 36 and enter the score in the app.

Put 40 balls into 10 piles with 4 balls in each pile. Arrange in two lines, 5 piles per line.

Space piles 2 yards or meters apart side to side. Space the two lines 5 to 10 yards or meters apart front to back.

Mark 4 sections (quadrants) in a circle of 6 feet or 2 meters radius around the hole on the green using string or tees.

Hit 36 chip shots total, 9 shots into each quadrant.

Start at any pile and chip balls to land in the first quadrant. After 9 shots, switch to the next quadrant.

Switch piles after each shot for variety, but always keep the same chipping setup and distance.

Count each ball that stops inside the correct quadrant as a success.

After all 36 shots, enter number of successful shots made out of 36 attempts.

Put 10 piles of balls in two straight lines that cross. Each pile has 3 or 4 balls. Keep each pile between 5 and 30 yards from the hole.

Mark 3 landing zones on the green in a row. Make them 6 feet apart using sticks or string.

Hit 36 chip shots total. Aim for each landing zone 12 times.

Pick any pile to start. Hit 12 chips to the first zone, then 12 to the second zone, then 12 to the third zone.

Count how many balls land and stop inside the target zone for each shot.

Add up the number of successful shots and enter your score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Set up 4 lines on the grass, each with 9 balls spaced 1 foot apart. Put the lines 5 yards apart, between 3 and 15 yards from the green.

Place 3 targets on the green in a straight line, 3 feet apart.

Divide the 36 shots into 3 groups of

Aim each group at a different target.

Hit 12 shots at the first target from any line, then 12 at the second target, then 12 at the third target.

Try to stop each ball as close to the target as possible.

Count a shot as a success if it stops close to the target, for example within 2 feet.

Add the successful shots and enter the score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Make 10 piles of balls in two lines, 5 piles in each line. The lines are 3 yards or meters apart, and each pile in a line has 4 yards or meters between them.

Put the piles between 1 and 10 yards/meters from the green and between 5 and 30 yards/meters from the hole.

On the green, mark 4 equal quadrants using string or tees. Each quadrant is about 6 feet or 2 meters in radius.

Do 36 bump-and-run shots in total. Divide them into 4 groups of 9 shots. For each group, aim for a single quadrant (Quadrant 1, then 2, 3, 4).

Start at any pile. Hit 9 balls trying to land in Quadrant

Then do the same for Quadrants 2, 3, and 4, hitting 9 shots for each quadrant.

Count each shot that lands in the correct quadrant as a point.

Add your total points out of 36 tries and enter the score in the app.

Set up 10 piles of balls in two lines. The lines are 3 yards/meters apart. Each pile in a line is 4 yards/meters apart.

Place the piles on grass 1 to 10 yards/meters from the green and 5 to 30 yards/meters from the hole.

Make 9 stop zones on the green with buckets, string, or tees. Number the zones 1 to

Divide 36 tries into 9 groups of 4 shots. Each group tries for a different stop zone.

For each set of 4 shots, choose any pile and hit shots to the chosen stop zone.

After 4 shots at one zone, go to the next stop zone and do the same. Do this for all 9 zones.

Count every shot that stops in the right zone as a success.

Add up successes out of 36 tries and enter the score in the app.

Gather 36 balls and split them into 2 groups of

Stand on a slope where the ball is above your feet for the first 18 shots.

Choose one target on the green to aim at.

Hit 18 bump-and-run shots, trying to get close to the target from this lie.

Move to a slope where the ball is below your feet for the next 18 shots.

Hit 18 bump-and-run shots at the same target from this lie.

Count how many balls stop close to the pin. Record that number as your score out of 36 in the app.

Put 36 balls in 6 piles, each pile has 6 balls. Scatter them around chipping area between 1 to 10 yards from green and 5 to 30 yards from hole.

Place 3 targets in a line at the edge of the green, spaced 6 feet apart.

Split the 36 shots into 3 groups of 12 shots.

Hit first 12 balls as bump-and-run, try to stop them in the first target zone.

Hit next 12 balls at the second target zone, try to stop them there.

Hit the last 12 balls at the third target zone, try to stop them there.

Pick any pile before each group and keep setup simple for every shot.

Count balls in the right target zone. Each one is a point. Enter score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Set up 10 piles of 4 balls each (40 balls) in two lines next to the green. Keep piles about 2 yards apart and lines 5 to 10 yards apart.

Place three flags on the green for landing zones.

Hit 36 bump-and-run shots, 12 for each target flag.

Hit shots from the first line, aiming for the first target. Alternate piles.

After 12 shots, switch to the second target and use the second line for the next 12 shots.

Hit the last 12 shots at the third target (use any line or alternate piles). After all shots are done, count balls within 10 feet of the target as successful and enter your number of successes out of 36 in the app.

Arrange 10 piles of balls in two lines, with 5 piles in each line. Lines are 3 yards/meters apart; piles are 4 yards/meters apart in each line.

Put the piles on grass, 1 to 10 yards/meters from the green and 5 to 30 yards/meters from the hole.

On the green, make two target circles with string or tees: an inner circle with a 6-foot/2-meter radius, and an outer circle with a 15-foot/5-meter radius.

Hit 36 bump-and-run shots: 18 shots at the inner circle, 18 shots at the outer circle.

Pick a ball pile and hit a bump-and-run shot to the target circle.

After 18 shots at one circle, switch and do 18 shots at the other circle.

Count every shot that stops inside the target circle as a success.

Add up your successful shots out of 36 in the app.

Set up 10 piles of balls in 2 lines that cross each other, 5 piles in each line. Space the piles about 3 yards or meters apart.

Place the piles so they are 1 to 10 yards or meters from the green and 5 to 30 yards or meters from the hole, on any grass.

On the green, make 3 landing zones side by side, each about 6 feet or 2 meters apart, using sticks, clubs, or string.

Hit 36 bump-and-run shots total. Aim 12 shots at each landing zone.

Pick a pile. Hit balls at the first landing zone until you do 12 shots.

Aim at the second landing zone for 12 shots from any piles.

Aim at the third landing zone for the last 12 shots.

Count how many shots land and stop in the right zone.

When all 36 shots are done, record the number of good shots out of 36 in the app.

Pick a target on the range for long irons about 150 to 200 yards away.

Prepare 36 balls. Keep ball placement and setup the same each time.

Use long irons only (4, 3, or 2-iron), switching between clubs throughout the 36 shots.

Aim all shots at the same target with a smooth backswing, focusing on at most two backswing thoughts to produce the desired ball flight.

After each shot, check if the ball flies smoothly and goes toward the target.

Count a shot as a success if it matches your backswing and ball flight goals.

When finished, count how many successful shots you made out of 36 and enter your score in the app.

Choose a flag or target to aim at using a long iron (2, 3, or 4 iron).

Put an alignment stick on the ground in front of the target.

Place a cone on each side of the flag, each cone 5% of the total distance to the flag.

Hit 36 shots: 18 curve left-to-right around the stick, 18 curve right-to-left.

Divide shots into 3 groups of 12 shots: first 12 curve left-to-right past the left cone, next 12 curve right-to-left past the right cone, final 12 alternate between both directions.

Set up the ball the same for all shots.

A shot is successful if it passes outside the correct cone and lands within 3 yards of the flag.

Add up the number of successful shots and enter your total out of 36 attempts.

Choose a flag to aim at using a 4, 3, or 2 iron.

Mark a circle around the flag with radius 5% of the distance to the flag.

Split 36 shots into 3 groups of

Use one iron for all shots in each group.

Hit shots, trying to land inside the circle.

Count shots that land inside the circle.

Add up successful shots from

Enter the successful shots in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Pick one target suitable for long irons (4, 3, or 2 iron).

Divide 36 balls into 3 groups of

Hit 12 low shots aimed at the same target.

Hit 12 mid-height shots aimed at the same target.

Hit 12 high shots aimed at the same target.

Keep ball setup the same, only change swing to vary shot height.

Count how many balls land close to the target.

After 36 shots, count successes and enter score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Pick a clear target or flag on the driving range suitable for long irons (4, 3, or 2 iron).

Hit 36 shots total, all aimed at the same target.

Use only long irons (4, 3, or 2 iron) and switch clubs between shots.

Focus on your downswing, working on at most two downswing thoughts or tasks to produce the desired ball flight.

Count how many shots hit the target area and enter your score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Pick one far flag or target suitable for long irons (2, 3, and 4 irons).

Get 36 balls to hit with your long irons (2, 3, and 4 irons).

Use a different long iron for each shot, switching clubs throughout the exercise.

Try to hit each ball straight at the target, not left or right.

Stand the same way for every shot.

Count how many balls went straight to the target, with no big curve or miss.

Write down how many straight shots out of 36 you made, and enter score in the app.

Pick a flag or marker on the range suitable for your 8- or 9-iron shots.

Hit 36 shots, all aiming at the same target.

Focus on good contact and smooth swings with your 8- or 9-iron.

Set up the ball the same way every time.

After completing all 36 shots, count how many balls landed within a 5-foot area around the target.

Enter your score out of 36 attempts.

Set up a single target suitable for your 8 or 9 iron.

Hit 36 shots aiming exclusively at this target.

Focus on your takeaway, working on at most two takeaway thoughts or tasks to influence the ball flight.

Keep your setup and stance consistent throughout the drill.

After each shot, check if the ball lands near the target.

Count the shots that land near the target as successes.

After 36 shots, enter your number of successes in the app out of 36 attempts.

Pick a flag or target on the driving range suitable for short irons (9 or 8).

Take 36 shots using only the 9 or 8 iron.

Focus solely on your downswing, using at most two swing thoughts or tasks to control the ball flight.

Aim at the same single target for all 36 shots.

Count each ball that lands and stays near the target as a success.

Add up the number of successful shots out of 36 and enter the score in the app.

Pick a flag for your 9 or 8 iron on the range.

Make a green zone around the flag with cones, buckets, or imagine a small circle (5% of the distance to the flag).

Split 36 shots into 3 groups of

Try to land each shot in the green zone.

Change between 9 and 8 iron, but keep ball setup the same.

Count how many balls landed in the green zone when all 36 are done. Enter your score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Pick one flag or target on the range suitable for short irons (9 or 8).

Hit 36 shots using only short irons (9 or 8), focusing solely on backswing.

Use at most two backswing thoughts or tasks to produce any ball flight pattern.

Set up the same for each shot, using the same swing thoughts.

After each shot, observe the ball flight relative to the target.

Finish all 36 shots, switching irons if desired. At the end, total the number of successful shots and enter your score in the app.

Pick a target for your 9 or 8 iron.

Place two markers, one left and one right of the target, about 5% of the distance from your ball to the flag.

Hit 18 shots curving left to right around the left marker, and 18 shots curving right to left around the right marker.

Use the same setup for every shot.

Try to curve the ball around the marker and get close to the target.

A shot is successful if the ball curves around the marker and lands near the flag.

When finished, count your successful shots out of 36 and enter your score in the app.

Pick one target suitable for short irons (9 or 8 iron).

Use the same ball setup and position for all shots.

Hit 36 shots in 3 groups of 12: 12 low shots, 12 mid shots, and 12 high shots, all aimed at the same target.

Try to make each shot fly at the correct height: low, mid, or high.

Count shots that land close and stop near the target as successes.

After all 36 shots, total your successful shots and enter your score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Choose 6 different targets at medium distance for irons 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, and

Match each target with the correct iron, from 9 to

Hit 36 shots in total, 6 shots at each target.

Try to land shots within 5% of the flag distance.

Aim to get at least 2 shots in the 5% zone for each target.

Switch between targets and irons as you go. Any order is fine.

Count each shot that lands inside the 5% zone.

At the end, enter your score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Pick one flag or target on the range for iron shots.

Make five target zones around the flag: center (the flag), short, long, left, right. Use cones, buckets, or imagination.

Hit 35 shots in total.

Hit 7 shots to each target zone: short, long, left, right, center.

Use any iron from 9 to 2, switch clubs each shot if wanted. Ball setup stays the same.

Try to land and stop each ball in the chosen target zone.

Count how many shots stop in the correct zone for each group.

Add up total successful shots out of 35 and enter score in the app.

Pick 3 different flags or markers at different distances on the range, each as a PAR 3 hole.

Draw two circles around each flag: one 5 yards from the flag (birdie zone), another up to 9 yards (par zone).

Hit 36 shots total with mid irons (7, 6, or 5 iron): 12 shots to each flag.

Switch clubs (7, 6, 5 iron) randomly within each set of 12 shots.

Score each shot: inside 5 yards is birdie, 5–9 yards is par, outside 9 yards is bogey.

Add up total score against par (aim for 36 or better).

Count how many shots landed inside 9 yards. Enter your total successful shots out of 36 attempts.

Pick 3 flags at the range for your 9, 7, and 5 irons: close, medium, far.

Hit 36 shots total: 12 at each flag.

Hit 12 shots at the close flag.

Hit 12 shots at the medium flag, change irons if wanted.

Hit 12 shots at the far flag, change irons if wanted.

Count shots that land within a club-length of each flag.

Add up successful shots out of 36 and enter score in the app.

Pick one target suitable for mid irons (7, 6, or 5). Use your imagination to visualize dangers like a tree, road, or cloud near the target.

Hit 36 shots aiming at this single target, switching between 7, 6, and 5 irons as you like.

Try to make each ball stop as close as possible to the flag in the target zone while avoiding the imagined dangers.

Count a shot as good if it stops within 10 yards of the flag and stays inside the target zone.

After all 36 shots, count how many landed inside the zone. Enter your score in the app out of 36 attempts.