13 Week Flagship Program for Caddo Creek

Place four tees around the hole at 3 ft (1 m).

After each putt goes in, move to the next tee.

Hit 50 putts.

Enter the number made out of 50 in the app.

Hit 25 putts from 3 ft through the ball gate.

Enter score in the app, out of 25 attempts.

Place eight tees around the hole at 3 ft or 1 m.

After making a putt, go to the next tee.

Hit 50 putts. Enter the number of putts made out of 50 attempts.

Hit 50 putts from 3 ft or 1 m using an alignment mirror.

Enter score in the app, out of 50 attempts.

Set up 9 holes in different easy spots like sand or rough.

Hit 4 shots at each hole (total 36 shots).

Keep the ball setup the same for each shot.

At each hole, use one wedge shot onto the green and finish with putts if needed.

Try to finish each hole in 2 shots or less.

Count each hole finished in 2 shots or less as a success.

After 36 shots, count total successful holes and enter the total out of 36 attempts.

Place 9 balls in different spots around the chipping green like light rough, sand, or short grass 20 to 40 yards from the hole.

Treat each ball as a PAR 2 hole. Hit one wedge shot to the green, then try to putt the ball into the hole.

Finish each ball before starting the next one.

Repeat this process 4 times for a total of 36 shots.

Count how many strokes it takes for each hole.

Count how many holes you finish in 2 strokes or fewer. After finishing, enter your total successful holes out of 36.

Set up 9 balls around the green, each 20–40 yards from the green in easy spots.

Each ball is a separate hole. The goal is 2 shots (par) per hole.

Hit one wedge shot to get the ball on the green.

Putt the ball until it is in the hole, trying to use 2 shots or fewer.

Write down the number of shots for each hole.

Finish all 9 holes in order.

Do the 9 holes 3 times with new ball spots each round, for 27 total tries.

Set up 9 more balls in easy spots and play those, so you have 36 tries total.

Count how many holes you finished in 2 shots or less.

Enter your score in the app: number of successful holes out of 36 attempts.

Arrange 40 balls in 2 lines of 20 balls each, 5 to 10 yards apart, with 1 foot between each ball.

Set up a 15-foot circle on the green, and divide it into 4 equal quadrants using string or tees.

Hit 36 pitch shots: 18 from the first line and 18 from the second line.

Hit 9 shots at each quadrant, for 4 groups of 9 shots.

Hit 9 shots from the first line to the first quadrant.

Hit 9 shots from the second line to the second quadrant.

Hit 9 shots from the first line to the third quadrant.

Hit 9 shots from the second line to the fourth quadrant. Enter score in the app out of 36 attempts.

Find a rough area with a slope where the ball is above your feet, 30 to 40 yards from the hole.

Place three targets in a line on the green, about 5 feet apart.

Hit 36 pitch shots: 18 with the ball above your feet, 18 with it below your feet.

For each slope, hit 6 shots at each target.

Hit 6 balls at the first target, 6 at the second, 6 at the third, with the ball above your feet.

Switch to the slope where the ball is below your feet and do the same.

Try to land each ball close and stopped near each target for a success.

Count how many balls stopped inside the target zones and enter the number out of 36 attempts.

Find a place on the uphill slope, 30 to 40 yards from the hole, to hit all shots.

Put a target (like a pin or club) at the hole or a visible spot on the green.

Split 36 shots into 2 groups of

Hit 18 balls from the uphill slope, trying to stop them close to the target.

Move to a similar place on the downhill slope at the same distance.

Hit 18 balls from the downhill slope at the same target.

Count how many balls stop in the chosen scoring area around the target (example: within 3 feet).

Add up successful shots out of 36 attempts and enter the score in the app.

Set up 2 lines of 18 balls each, making 36 balls total, spaced about 1 foot apart, 30 to 60 yards from the green.

On the green, make 4 areas using string or markers inside a circle about 15 feet wide.

Plan to hit 9 balls into each of the 4 areas.

From one ball line, hit 3 balls at the first area.

Switch to the other ball line and hit 3 balls at the second area.

Keep switching lines, hitting 3 balls at a time, until each area has 9 balls aimed at it.

Count how many balls stop in the right area.

After all 36 balls are hit, record the number that landed in the correct spot out of 36 in the app.

Put 36 balls into 6 piles with 6 balls in each pile between 30 and 60 yards from the hole.

Place 3 flags on the green far apart and label them A, B, and C.

Hit 36 pitch shots, in 3 sets of 12 shots.

Hit 12 balls so they stop within 10 feet of flag A.

Hit 12 balls so they stop within 10 feet of flag B. Use any pile.

Hit 12 balls so they stop within 10 feet of flag C.

Hit from any pile and change piles or targets as needed.

Count each shot that stops within 10 feet of the target as a success.

Count the total successful shots and enter the score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Pick two spots on the fairway that are 30 to 60 yards from the hole.

Put three targets on the green, spaced at least 6 feet apart.

Hit 18 pitch shots from the first spot and 18 pitch shots from the second spot.

From each spot, hit 6 shots to each target.

Line up and aim at each target before hitting.

Count every shot that lands close to the target and stops there as a success.

After all 36 shots, record how many were successful out of 36 in the app.

Put 10 piles of balls in two lines that meet at a right angle, 5 to 10 yards apart, with each pile 3 yards apart.

Place the piles 30 to 60 yards from the hole on grass but not on the green.

Mark 3 landing zones on the green with sticks or string, each 6 feet apart in a line.

Hit 36 pitch shots in total, 12 at each landing zone.

For the first 12 shots aim at Landing Zone 1, for the next 12 aim at Zone 2, for the last 12 aim at Zone

Start from any pile and switch piles between shots.

Count a success if the ball lands and stops in the correct zone.

After all shots, add up your total successes and enter the score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Make 10 piles of balls in two lines, 5 piles in each line. Each pile has 4 balls.

The lines should be 7 yards apart. Each pile in a line is 3 yards apart from the next.

Put 3 flags on the green, at different spots, 20 to 40 yards away.

Hit 36 pitch shots in total, 12 shots at each flag.

Pick any pile to start. Hit shots from any pile to the first flag until you finish 12 shots.

Do the same thing for the second flag and then the third flag, 12 shots at each.

Count how many balls end within 10 feet (3 meters) from the flag.

After all 36 shots, add up the number of shots that were successful and enter score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Scatter 40 balls in 8 lines of 5 balls each, spaced 1 yard/meter apart, between 30 and 60 yards/meters from the hole.

Divide a 15-foot (5-meter) circle around the hole into 4 equal quadrants using string or tees.

Hit 36 pitch shots, in 8 groups of 5 balls each, aiming at a specific quadrant for each group.

For each group of 5 shots, pick one quadrant as the target and try to stop all 5 balls inside it.

Change target quadrant after every group, using all 4 quadrants at least once. The last group can target any quadrant.

Count every ball that stops in the chosen quadrant as a success.

Add up successful shots out of 36 attempts and enter score in the app.

Scatter 36 balls into 8 piles of about 4 or 5 balls each on grass between 5 and 30 yards or meters from the hole.

Mark two circles on the green around the hole: a small one with a 6-foot (2-meter) radius and a bigger one with a 15-foot (5-meter) radius.

Hit 36 chip shots, split into two groups of

For the first 18 shots, try to land the ball inside the small circle (6-foot radius).

For the last 18 shots, try to land the ball inside the area between the small and big circle (6- to 15-foot radius).

Take turns hitting shots from different piles for variety.

Count how many balls stop in the right circle for each group.

After all 36 shots, enter the number of successful shots out of 36 attempts in the app.

Make two crossing lines with 18 balls in each line.

Put the balls 1 foot (30 cm) apart on grass, 5 to 20 yards/meters from the hole.

Place 2 flags on the green. The flags should be 5 to 10 yards/meters apart.

Hit 18 balls from the first line. Try to land each ball within 10 feet (3 meters) of the first flag.

Move to the second line. Hit 18 balls trying to land each within 10 feet (3 meters) of the second flag.

Count how many balls stop inside the 10-foot (3-meter) circle near each flag. Enter the score in the app out of 36 attempts.

Arrange 36 balls in 2 lines of 18 each to form an L shape.

Keep each ball 1 foot apart in each line. Keep 5-10 yards between the two lines.

Place two circles around the hole on the green: one with a 6-foot radius, and one with a 15-foot radius.

From 5–30 yards away, chip 18 balls from the first line, aiming for the circles.

Chip the other 18 balls from the second line, aiming for the circles.

Alternate hitting 3 to 5 shots between the two lines.

Shots inside the small circle = full success. Shots inside the big circle only = partial success.

Count how many balls stopped in each circle and get your score. Enter your total successful shots out of 36 attempts.

Pick a spot in the rough, on an uphill slope, 5–30 yards from the hole.

Put a target at the hole.

Hit 18 chip shots uphill, trying to stop the ball close to the hole.

Move to a downhill spot in the rough, also 5–30 yards from the hole.

Hit 18 chip shots downhill at the same target.

Every 4 shots, check the results and adjust if needed.

Count a success for every ball that finishes close to the hole (like within 3 feet).

Use the same setup for every shot.

After 36 shots, add up your total successes. Enter score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Put 36 balls into 6 piles of 6 balls on the grass, between 5 and 30 yards from the hole.

Place 3 flags or targets on the green, 6 feet apart in a line.

Split the 36 balls into 3 groups of 12 shots.

Hit the first 12 balls to the first flag and try to stop each ball within 10 feet of it.

Hit the next 12 balls to the second flag, trying to stop them within 10 feet.

Hit the last 12 balls to the third flag, again aiming to stop within 10 feet.

Switch which pile you use each time to practice different distances and grass.

Count every ball that stops within 10 feet of its flag as a successful shot.

Add up successful shots out of 36 and enter score in the app.

Scatter 40 balls into 8 lines of 5 balls. Each ball should be 1 yard apart. Place lines 5–30 yards from the hole. Keep setup the same for all shots.

On the green, use markers to make 4 equal pieces inside a 6-foot circle around the hole.

Take 32 chip shots total. Aim 8 shots at each quadrant.

For each of the 8 lines, choose a quadrant to aim for. Hit all 5 balls in that line to that quadrant. Move to a new line for a new quadrant. Keep going until all 32 shots are done.

Count each shot that stops inside the target quadrant as a success.

Add up successful shots. Enter score in the app, out of 32 attempts.

Make two target zones on the green, Zone A on the left and Zone B on the right, 8 feet apart.

Put 18 balls in the deep rough above feet, at distances from 5 to 20 yards, in a straight line.

Chip the 18 balls to land and stop in Zone A from the uphill position.

Move to deep rough below feet, set up 18 balls the same way.

Chip these balls to land and stop in Zone B from the downhill position.

Count each ball that lands and stays in the right zone as a success.

When finished, enter the total number of successes out of 36 attempts in the app.

Place 36 balls in two lines that cross, with 18 balls in each line.

Keep the balls about 1 foot apart, with lines set up 5 to 30 yards from the hole.

On the green, divide a 6-foot circle around the hole into 4 equal parts.

Split the 36 chip shots into 4 groups of 9 balls.

Aim the first 9 shots at the first part of the circle.

Switch to the other line and aim the next 9 balls at the second part. Keep switching lines and aim at the next parts until all 36 balls are chipped.

Count how many balls land in the right part each time.

Enter the number of successful chips out of 36 attempts in the app.

Put 40 balls into 8 lines. Each line has 5 balls. Lines should be about 1 yard or meter apart. Put these lines anywhere on the grass 5 to 30 yards/meters from the hole but not on the green.

On the green, use sticks, clubs, or string to mark 3 landing zones in a straight line about 6 feet (2 meters) apart.

Divide the 36 chip shots into 3 sets of 12 shots.

For each set, pick 3 lines of balls and aim every shot at one landing zone.

Hit 5 chips from each line to the chosen zone. After 3 lines (15 shots), change zones until all 36 shots are done.

Count each shot that lands and stays in the target zone as a success.

Enter the total number of successful shots in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Make two crossing lines with 18 balls in each line.

Put the balls 1 foot (30 cm) apart on grass, 5 to 20 yards/meters from the hole.

Place 2 flags on the green. The flags should be 5 to 10 yards/meters apart.

Hit 18 balls from the first line. Try to land each ball within 10 feet (3 meters) of the first flag.

Move to the second line. Hit 18 balls trying to land each within 10 feet (3 meters) of the second flag.

Count how many balls stop inside the 10-foot (3-meter) circle near each flag. Enter the score in the app out of 36 attempts.

Make 10 piles of 4 balls each, in two lines of 5 piles.

Put piles on grass, 5–30 yards from the hole, lines 5–10 yards apart, piles in each line 2 yards apart.

On the green, mark three landing zones in a straight line, 6 feet apart.

Hit 36 chip shots, 12 at each landing zone.

Hit from different piles for each shot. Do 12 shots into the first zone, then 12 into the second, then 12 into the third.

Count shots that land fully in the target zone.

After 36 shots, enter the number of successful shots in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Arrange 36 balls in 2 lines of 18 balls each. Keep the lines 5 to 10 yards apart. Place balls 1 foot apart.

Mark a 6-foot circle around the hole. Divide the circle into 4 sections using markers.

Split the 36 chips into 4 sets of 9 shots.

From the first line, hit 9 chips at Quadrant

From the second line, hit 9 chips at Quadrant

From the first line, hit 9 chips at Quadrant

From the second line, hit 9 chips at Quadrant

Count each ball that stops in the correct quadrant.

Add up all successful shots and enter your score, out of 36, in the app.

Set up 3 landing zones on the green, 6 feet apart in a straight line.

Place 3 piles of balls around the chipping area, each pile randomly 5 to 30 yards from the hole. Keep this setup the same.

Divide 36 chip shots into 3 groups of

For the first 12 shots, aim for the first landing zone from any pile.

For the next 12 shots, aim for the second landing zone from any pile.

For the last 12 shots, aim for the third landing zone from any pile.

Count each shot that lands and stays in the correct zone as a success.

Total the successful shots out of 36 and enter the score in the app.

Put 10 piles of balls in two lines that meet at a right angle, 5 to 10 yards apart, with each pile 3 yards apart.

Place the piles 30 to 60 yards from the hole on grass but not on the green.

Mark 3 landing zones on the green with sticks or string, each 6 feet apart in a line.

Hit 36 pitch shots in total, 12 at each landing zone.

For the first 12 shots aim at Landing Zone 1, for the next 12 aim at Zone 2, for the last 12 aim at Zone

Start from any pile and switch piles between shots.

Count a success if the ball lands and stops in the correct zone.

After all shots, add up your total successes and enter the score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Divide 36 balls into 9 groups of 4 balls each. Space each group about 1 yard apart, between 30 and 60 yards from the hole.

On the green, mark 9 stop zones using buckets, string, or tees. Space the zones so you can aim at one at a time.

For each group of 4 balls, aim all shots at one assigned stop zone.

After 4 shots to the first zone, move to the next group and aim all shots at the next zone.

Keep going until you have hit 4 shots to each of the 9 stop zones for a total of 36 shots.

Count how many balls finished in the correct stop zone.

Add up your total successes out of 36 attempts and enter the score in the app.

Put 3 target zones on the green: left, center, right. Each 5 feet apart.

Put 12 balls in a pile, 30-60 yards from the hole, in deep rough.

Hit 12 shots trying to land in Zone A.

Hit 12 shots trying to land in Zone B.

Hit 12 shots trying to land in Zone C.

Keep balls in the same spot and rough for all shots.

Count each ball that lands and stays in the right zone.

After 36 shots, enter your number of successes into the app, out of 36 attempts.

Set up 2 lines of 5 piles, each with 4 balls. Lines should be 5 to 10 yards/meters apart, piles 2 yards/meters apart.

Place lines 30 to 60 yards/meters from the hole, on grass, any slope.

On the green, use string or tees to make a circle with a 15-foot (5 meter) radius around the hole. Divide this circle into 4 equal parts.

Hit 36 pitch shots from the piles to the green, 9 shots for each of the 4 parts.

Hit from different piles, aiming for the current part. Finish all 9 shots in one part before switching.

Count each shot that stops in the right part.

Add up total successful shots. Enter score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Set up 10 piles of balls in two lines. Each line has 5 piles, and the piles are 3 yards apart. Piles are between 30 and 60 yards from the hole.

On the green, mark 4 circular target zones. Each is 9 feet in radius.

Make 36 pitch shots. For each target zone, make 9 shots.

For each shot, aim to land and stop the ball in the correct target zone.

After 9 shots in one zone, switch zones and repeat until all 4 are done.

Count each shot that stops in the right zone as a success.

Total successful shots out of 36 attempts and enter score in the app.

Set up 3 targets in a straight line: a cone to aim at, a flag 10 yards past the cone, and a flag 15 yards past the cone.

Pick 3 different woods: Hybrid, 5 Wood, and Driver.

Hit 12 shots with each club, for 36 shots total, from the same spot each time.

Aim at the cone and try to land the ball between the cone and the far flag.

A shot is successful if it stops between the cone and the far flag.

Count the number of successful shots out of 36 and enter your score in the app.

Choose 3 far targets for woods clubs (Hybrid, 5-wood, 3-wood, Driver).

Mark each target so 5% of the distance can be measured.

Hit 36 shots total, divided into 3 groups of 12 shots.

In each group, switch between all 4 woods in the 12 shots to one target.

For the first target, hit 12 shots, using all 4 woods until you have 3 shots close (inside 5% distance) with each wood.

Move to the second target, repeat: 12 shots, 3 close shots per wood.

Hit 12 shots at the third target, aim for 3 close shots per wood. Count each shot inside the 5% zone as a success.

Add up all successes out of 36 tries and enter score in the app.

Set up 3 flags far apart in a field (at least 30 yards between them).

Hit 36 shots, split into 3 groups of 12 shots.

Use 4 clubs: Hybrid, 5-Wood, 3-Wood, and Driver. Each group uses the same club, aimed at one target.

Assign one club for each target. Hit 12 shots per club, trying to get close to its flag.

Start with Hybrid at Target 1, then 5-Wood at Target 2, then 3-Wood or Driver at Target

Count a shot as “success” if it is within 15 yards of the flag.

Add the total successful shots out of 36 and enter the score in the app.

Pick two targets: one to aim at, and one cone on the other side as something to avoid.

Put four cones around the main target in a small circle, making a 'precision zone'.

Take 36 shots, using 3 woods clubs (Hy, 5W, Driver), 12 shots with each club.

For each club, try to hit the ball into the 'precision zone' and avoid the obstacle cone.

Change clubs after every 12 shots. Keep your setup and stance the same each time.

Count a shot as a success if it lands inside the precision zone and avoids the obstacle cone.

After 36 shots, add up how many successes you had and enter your score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Set up 5 cones in a line, each 10 yards/meters apart, to mark distances between 220 and 300 yards/meters.

Hit 7 shots at each cone for a total of 35 shots.

Use only woods (5-wood, hybrid, or 3-wood), but can switch clubs between shots.

For each shot, try to land the ball near the cone you aim at.

Count and record how many balls land within 15 yards/meters of each cone.

Make sure to hit both the right distance and direction.

After all 35 shots, count how many landed close to the cones and enter your score in the app, out of 35 attempts.

Pick a target flag or marker at a good distance for woods (using a hybrid, 5-wood, or 3-wood).

Hit 36 shots in total: 18 shots curving left-to-right and 18 shots curving right-to-left toward the same target.

Keep your setup consistent for all shots and focus on controlling the ball flight direction and curve.

Count every shot that finishes at or near the target as a success.

Add up your successful shots out of 36 and enter your score in the app.

Pick one target suitable for long irons (4, 3, 2).

Hit 36 shots using your long irons (4, 3, and 2 irons).

Hit 18 shots curving left-to-right and 18 shots curving right-to-left, all towards the same target.

Keep the same stance and setup for every shot.

Try to make the ball land close to the target.

Count each shot that lands and stays near the target as a success.

Add up your total successful shots and enter your score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Set up one flag target.

Place three landing zones in a line, each 8 yards/meters apart, going toward the flag.

Hit 36 long iron shots in 3 sets of

In each set, aim for the first, then second, then third landing zone in order.

The ball must stop within 8 yards/meters of the flag.

Use long irons only (4, 3, or 2). Switch clubs during the drill if wanted.

Count each shot that lands in the right zone and stops within 8 yards/meters of the flag as a success.

After 36 shots, enter the number of successful shots in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Pick one flag or target for long irons (4, 3, or 2 iron).

Mark three landing zones about 10 yards/meters apart around the flag using cones, buckets, or markers.

Hit 36 shots, split into three groups of 12 shots.

For the first 12 shots, aim for Landing Zone

For the next 12 shots, aim for Landing Zone

For the last 12 shots, aim for Landing Zone

Switch between 4, 3, and 2 irons if wanted, but set up the ball the same way each time.

Count shots that land and stop in the right landing zone as a success.

When finished, add up the successful shots and enter your score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Pick a flag or target to aim at with your 8 or 9 iron.

Place four cones or markers around the flag to create four equal areas. Put them about 5% of the distance to the flag in four directions.

Hit 36 shots total: 9 to each area.

Use your 8-iron or 9-iron as you want, but hit 9 shots to each area.

Switch between areas in any order. Try to land each ball in the correct area.

Count each ball that lands and stays in the right area as a success.

Add up your successful shots out of 36 and record your score in the app.

Set up 9 targets around the flag on the green using cones, buckets, or markers. Space them evenly around the flag, about 5% of the total distance from your hitting spot to the flag.

Prepare 36 balls. Hit 4 shots at each target – 2 curving left-to-right and 2 curving right-to-left.

Use your 8- and 9-irons for all shots. Keep your setup and ball position the same.

Start at any target and hit 2 left-to-right and 2 right-to-left shots, trying to land the ball between the two markers at that target.

Move to the next target and repeat until all 9 targets have 4 shots.

Count each ball that stops between the two markers at a target as a success.

Add up your total number of successful shots and enter your score in the app, out of 36 attempts.

Pick one flag or target for short irons (9 or 8 iron) on the driving range.

Mark a 4-yard circle (birdie zone) and a 7-yard circle (par zone) around the flag with cones or markers.

Hit 36 shots using only a 9 or 8 iron.

For 12 shots, aim for the inner 4-yard zone. For 12 shots, aim for the outer 7-yard zone but outside the inner circle. For 12 shots, aim anywhere in both zones trying to be consistent.

Use the same ball setup each shot. Only change the zone you’re aiming for.

Count a shot as successful if it lands and stays in the correct zone for that set.

Add up successful shots out of 36 and enter this score in the app.

Pick a flag or target for short irons (8 or 9 iron) on the range.

Hit 35 shots total, in 5 groups of 7 shots.

Each group uses a different ball flight: straight, draw, fade, pull-fade, push-draw.

For each group, hit 7 shots in a row with that flight shape, aiming at the target.

Switch between 8 and 9 irons if needed.

A shot is successful if the shape matches the goal and lands near the target.

Do all 5 flight types for 35 shots total, then enter your score in the app, out of 35 attempts.

Set up 3 flags or targets at different short iron distances; each flag is a 'hole'.

Mark two zones around each flag: inner zone (within 4 yards/meters) and an outer zone (within 8 yards/meters).

Hit 36 shots total: 12 shots at each flag.

Use only 8 or 9 iron. Try to hit each shot as close as possible to the flag, first aiming for the inner zone, then for the outer zone.

For each shot: 1 point if the ball lands in the inner zone, 0.5 points if in the outer zone, 0 points if outside both zones.

After 12 shots at one flag, move to the next and repeat for all flags.

Add the points from all shots for a score out of 36 and enter this score in the app.

Pick one target on the driving range for short irons (9 or 8 iron).

Break the test into 4 groups of 9 shots (36 total shots).

In each group, hit alternating pairs of opposite shot types: fade/draw, high/low, pull/fade, push/draw.

Hit 5 pairs, but drop 1 shot from the last pair so each group is 9 shots.

Use only 9 or 8 irons with the same ball setup for every shot.

Try to make each shot land near the target and curve the right way.

Count as a success if the shot matches the shape and lands near the target.

Do all 4 groups for a total of 36 shots.

Add up your successful shots out of 36 attempts and enter the total in the app.

Pick one flag/target suitable for short irons (8 or 9).

Use existing objects around you to creatively imagine hazards and boundaries (such as water, sand traps, out-of-bounds, or edges of the green) around that target.

Hit 36 shots with the same setup, aiming all balls at this one target.

Focus on landing the ball in the imagined target area and minimizing large misses.

Count how many shots land and stay in the correct target zone.

Add up the number of successful shots and enter your total out of 36 attempts.